Understanding the Core Principles of Siddha: The Functions of the Ninety-Six Tathwas and the Five Elements

In the profound landscape of Siddha medicine, the concept of Tathwas (fundamental principles) forms the cornerstone of human physiology and spiritual existence. According to the sacred text Vaidya Chintamani, composed by the sage Saint Yugi, these ninety-six Tathwas define not just the structural and physiological make-up of a human being but also their psychological and metaphysical components.

Among these, the Five Elements (Pancha Boothangal)—Earth, Water, Fire, Air, and Space—serve as the foundational building blocks.

🌿 The Five Basic Elements and Their Characteristics

The table below offers an insightful look into the attributes, symbols, and functions associated with each of the five elements:

Feature	Earth	Water	Fire	Air	Space
Shape	Square	Angle	Triangle	Hexagonal	Round
State	Lying	Seeing	Spreading	Filling	Standing
Symbol	Diamond	Lotus	Swastika	Six Points	Vindhamirta
Deity	Brahma	Vishnu	Rudra	Maheswara	Sadasivan
Colour	Golden	Crystalline	Red	Black	Grey
Letter	Lahara	Vakara	Mahara	Yahara	Ahara
Subtle Activity	A-Aharam	U-Uharam	M-maharam	Vindhul	Nadham
Character	Roughness	Fluidness	Heat	Flows Together	Accommodates All
Action	Holding	Binding	Drying	Expanding	Removing
Kalai	Removal	Vision	Knowledge	Santhi	Theetham

These elements govern every physiological and mental function within the human system, influencing health, temperament, and even spiritual inclinations.

The Five Elements : Yugi Vaidya Chintamani

The ancient Tamil verses from Vaidya Chintamani poetically describe the origin, nature, and interdependence of the five elements, emphasizing their foundational role in the makeup of the cosmos and the human body.

“The one who understands the function of the elements,understands the body, the mind, and beyond.Earth gives form, water binds, fire transforms,air moves, and space holds all.”

This foundational understanding is essential for diagnosing imbalances and treating diseases in the Siddha system. A harmony among these five elements signifies health, while any disturbance manifests as illness.

Ref:-Siddha Maruthuvanga Churukkam

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